Straight heaters

Water

• Stagnant water, max load 8 – 12 W/cm², material: copper, 321, 316L
• Circulating water, max load 10 – 16 W/cm², material: copper, 316L, incoloy 800, incoloy 825
• Boric water, max load 8 W/cm², material: 316L
• Boiler water, max load 8 – 16 W/cm², material: 316L, incoloy 800, incoloy 825
• Chlorated water, max load 6 W/cm², material: incoloy 825
• Sea water, max load 3.5 – 6 W/cm², material: incoloy 825, inconel 600
• Demineralized water / deionized / distilled / softened, max load 4 – 6 W/cm², material: 316L, incoloy 800, incoloy 825
• Domestic hot water, max load 4 – 8 W/cm², material: copper, 316L, incoloy 825
• Caustic water (2%, 10%, <30%, 70%), max load 2.3 – 7 W/cm², material: 316L, incoloy 825, inconel 600

Oil

• Fuel oil pre-heating, light fuel oil, C fuel oil, max load 1 – 2 W/cm², material: 321, 316L
• Heavy fuel, max load 0.5 – 3.5 W/cm² acc to grade, material: 316L
• Gasoline, kerosene, max load 3 – 3.5 W/cm², material: 316L
• Machine oil SAE 10, 30, 40 & 50, max load 2 – 3.5 W/cm², material: 316L
• Mineral oil , max load 0.5 – 3.5 W/cm² acc to temp, material: 321, 316L
• Lube oil, max load 2.3 W/cm², material: 321, 316L

Acid & corrosive fluid

• Acetic acid, max load 6 W/cm², material: 316L, incoloy 825
• Boric acid, max load 6 W/cm², material: incoloy 825
• Chloric, hydrofluoric, nitric, sulphuric acid, max load 1.5 W/cm², material: teflon coat
• Boric acid, max load 6 W/cm², material: incoloy 825
• Alkaline bath, max load 6 W/cm², material: 321 (no corrosive compound), 316L
• Phosphate bath, max load 4 W/cm², material: 316L, incoloy 825

Glycol

• Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 4 – 8 W/cm² acc. to concentration, material: 321, 316L

Others

• Asphalt, tar, and other heavy or highly viscous compounds, max load 0.5 – 1.5 W/cm², material: 316L
• Milk, max load 0.3 W/cm², material: 316L

Gas

• Air, max load 0.1 – 8 W/cm² acc. to sheath temp., material: 321
• Circulating air, max load 0.1 – 8 W/cm² acc to sheath temp., material: 309
• Natural gas, max load 0.1 – 8 W/cm² acc. to sheath temp., material: 321, 316L
• Argon, nitrogen, load acc. to sheath temp., material: 321, 316L, incoloy 825, inconel 600
• Propan, butane, load acc. to sheath temp., material: 321, 316L
• Oxygen, hydrogen, load acc. to sheath temp., material: 316L

Solids

• Aluminium, brass, bronze cast in, max load 4 – 15 W/cm², material: 309
• Copper-nickel cast in, max load 5 – 10 W/cm², material: 309
• Oxychloration, max load 3 W/cm², material: incoloy 800, incoloy 825
• Calcination, max load 3 W/cm², material: incoloy 800, incoloy 825
• HC regeneration, max load 2 W/cm², material: incoloy 800, incoloy 825

The watt density, tube diameter and the tube sheath are chosen to optimize the reliability and robustness (corrosion, temperature) of CETAL equipments.

Technologies

• Tubular heating element

Tube diameter & material

• Tube diameter: 6.5 / 8.5 / 10 / 13.5 / 16 mm
• Tube material:
  • Stainless steel: AISI 321 (1.4541) / AISI 316L (1.4404) / AISI 309 (1.4828)
  • Others: Incoloy 800 (1.4876) / Incoloy 825 (2.4858) / Inconel 600 (2.4816)
  • Titanium
• Specific coating: Teflon™ (PTFE) / Halar®
• Tube type: sealed tube, seamless tube (on request)

Manufacturing

• 100% of the components come from our high-quality suppliers from Europe
• 100% manufacturing in CETAL factory

1. Connection terminals
2. Tube
3. Insulation : magnesia oxyde (Mg O), to secure optimized heat transfer and electrical insulation.
4. Resistance wire: Made of Nickel Chrome 80/20, it is the active part of the heating element (Joule effect)
5. Cold length
6. Sealing material: Keeps out external moisture. Different types (silicon, resins, cement) are used depending on the industrial application, the external medium and temperature
7. Output insulation: Made of steatite ou corundum, it provides dielectric insulation (creepage distance, distance in the air).

CETAL offers a large range of non heating parts / cold parts to meeting any customer specification.

The table below shows the different cold parts available by diameter and length.

(1) Seamless tube on stock

• Wire restance tolerance: -5% and +10% of the nominal resistance value
• Power tolerance < 100W: -/+10%
• Power tolerance > 100W: +5% – 10%

• According to CE European directives and CE market (for Europe)
• ATEX/IECEx certificate for component or system
• EAC CU TR, c CSA us (NEC 505)

Electrical tests

• Power test by cold resistance measurement. Allowed tolerance: -5% and +10% of the nominal resistance value.
• Insulation test, direct voltage 500 V, mini cold value is > 100 Megohms
• Dielectric test, (2U + 1000 V)  x 1,2 during 1 second
• The stray current and the hot dielectric rigidity can be measured on a sample at operating temperature (on request).
• 100% of the heating elements are tested before shipment (final control)

Mechanical tests

• Visual inspection
• X-ray test (if required)

Dimensional test

• Critical dimensions are tested

• Marking: specific customer marking on each heating element
• Specific connection terminals (on request)
• Fixing part such as connectors (on request)

CETAL deliver straight heating elements to many customers in different industries where the reliability and the quality is a must.

The heating element being the active part (“engine”) of the final product or within the customer process, our customer make the choice of reliability!